Suicide is a difficult and emotional subject, and as such we often refrain from discussing it objectively. We are sensitive to the effect open discussion may have on others who may have lost loved ones to suicide. The topic is shrouded in taboo and myth, as if no one understands why this happens, as if the mere mention will somehow magically exacerbate the problem – and as if there is little we can do to prevent it. That is simply not true.

As we approach the end of the academic year at universities all over South Africa, two very important dates are marked on the mental health calendar: On 10 September we commemorated World Suicide Prevention Day, and on 10 October we will commemorate World Mental Health Day.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) calls upon all countries to observe these dates, in an effort to reinforce the fact that mental health is a basic human right, and that we must do all we can to try to prevent suicide in our communities.

Mental health practitioners have a very good idea of suicidal risk factors. It has to do with what happens to all of us – life. It is, however, impossible to eliminate all the risks life throws at us. There is no sure-fire way to prevent mental illness, or avoid acute loss and life crisis, or chronic physical pain, or addictions, or trauma, or bullying, or rejection. However – and this is an important and often missed however – we can put measures in place that protect against the effect of these occurrences. We can definitely minimise the detrimental reaction to acute life events, and we can hope to intervene in time when symptoms of mental distress are displayed.

Does this model sound familiar? Of course, it does. We know that we could all be at risk for cancer, or diabetes, or high blood pressure – and that putting countermeasures in place will mitigate the risks. This understanding is almost second nature to us. In a modern society we know that prevention is better than cure when it comes to ill health. That is why we exercise, eat healthily, and watch our weight. Health information and preventative measures are the keys to longevity and health. Without it we are back in the Middle Ages.

Having access to care, and taking care of yourself, is where the answer lies. Building self-esteem, being part of a connected group or community, taking part in activities that provide meaning to your life, and working on positive relationships will protect you against mental ill-health. It will build your wellness and mental fitness. Adverse life situations will occur, but having a skill set and a mindset that is open to change and growth – and seeing problems as potential challenges – can turn the tide. Accessing external resources and drawing on your own often hidden (but considerable) strengths will assist with coping and building resilience.

Combating myths and misinformation about mental health is indeed a basic human right – it is a practice that should be fostered in all our universities and public spaces. Everyone should be provided with lifesaving information and understand that treatment is available. Everyone should know how to prevent stress from becoming distress and eventually a disorder. If not, we are stuck in the emotional Middle Ages.

Dr Hanlé Kirkcaldy is head of the Student Counselling Unit (SCU) and a clinical psychologist the University of Pretoria. World Mental Health Day is commemorated on 10 October annually.

This article first appeared in the Mail & Guardian on 10 October 2023.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the University of Pretoria.