In South Africa, we face a critical crossroads in the fight for health rights, particularly in the realm of sexual and reproductive health. The theme “My Health, My Right” emphasizes the fundamental right to protect one’s health and make informed decisions. This message is particularly urgent in the face of rising sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including a worrying resurgence of syphilis, and the ongoing HIV epidemic. At the heart of this conversation lies a simple yet powerful tool: the condom.

A Rising Tide of STIs

South Africa, the epicentre of the HIV epidemic, also has the highest regional STI burden. In fact, KwaZulu Natal province has been reported to have the highest HIV and STI rates in the world!  In 2023, ±7.7 million South Africans were living with HIV, with 150,000 new infections and 50,000 deaths. This means 1 out of 6 South Africans aged 15-49 years are living with HIV, with rates rising to ±1 in 3 among pregnant women overall and 1 in 2.5 (40%) in KwaZulu Natal. 

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) significantly enhances the quality of life for people living with HIV, effectively preventing HIV transmission and acquisition when used as treatment or pre-exposure prophylaxis, respectively. However, ART does not prevent other STIs. 

South Africa is experiencing an upsurge in STIs. A 2023 study of 15-29 year-olds found that 30.2% of females and 17.3% of males had an STI. Chlamydia was the most prevalent (±18%), followed by trichomonas and gonorrhoea (±5% each). As these infections are often asymptomatic, most cases go untreated, leading to complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility, and further increases HIV risk.

Cases of syphilis, a disease long assumed under control, has doubled and even tripled in some areas. Untreated, this infection can severely damage the heart, brain, and nervous system. An alarming increase has been reported among pregnant women, threatening not only the lives of these women, but also their infants.

The Condom: A Shield for Your Rights

Condoms, often dismissed or underutilized, are a cornerstone of improving sexual and reproductive health. When used consistently and correctly, they effectively prevent HIV and STIs by creating a barrier during oral, vaginal, and anal sex. 

Condoms are more than just pieces of latex: they symbolize empowerment, self-respect, and responsibility. Their use asserts individuals' rights to health, safety, and freedom from preventable diseases. In societies with unequal healthcare access, condoms provide an affordable, accessible means of protection, granting control to individuals.

Stigma surrounding condom use remains a significant barrier. Discussions about condoms are often marked by embarrassment or viewed as taboo, particularly among young people. This silence perpetuates misinformation, leaving many ill-equipped to make informed sexual health decisions. 

Addressing this issue requires a cultural shift in sex education. Comprehensive, age-appropriate education in schools and communities can demystify condoms and normalize their use. Open, judgment-free discussions empower individuals to take control of their health without fear of shame or ridicule.

Additionally, harmful gender norms that place the burden of sexual health on women must be challenged. Both partners share equal responsibility for safe practices, and promoting condom use should be seen as a mutual commitment to well-being.

Access to Education and Condoms

Education is vital, but it must be paired with improved access to condoms, especially in rural and underserved South African areas where availability is limited. Government and NGOs should prioritize distributing free or affordable condoms, reaching even remote communities. Innovative methods, such as dispensing machines or collaborations with local businesses, can bridge the gap. Concurrently, public health campaigns should stress condoms' dual protection against HIV and STIs and emphasize the immediate dangers of these infections.

A Shared Responsibility

“My Health, My Right” is a collective call to action stressing shared responsibility in sexual health. Beyond individual choices, it requires the commitment of families, communities, healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers. Making condom use non-negotiable in every sexual encounter allows individuals to control their health and aids in curbing the spread of STIs. Let us commit to ensuring everyone has the knowledge, resources, and support to make informed sexual health decisions.