The United Nations International Day of Older Persons, which is observed annually on 1 October, has become an important forum for increasing awareness of older people’s rights, well-being and contributions. The theme this year – ‘Ageing with Dignity: The Importance of Strengthening Care and Support Systems for Older Persons Worldwide’ – emphasises the need to address the care and support of ageing populations as life expectancy increases. This worldwide commemoration coincides with the African Union’s 2024 theme of ‘Educate and Skill Africa for the 21^st Century’, sparking an important discussion about how society may not only care for the elderly but also recognise their role in an intergenerational, learning-centred environment.

Population ageing: A global trend

The world is undergoing a significant demographic transition, with people ageing at unprecedented rates. As life expectancy in half of the world’s countries exceeds 75 years, up from an average of 50 years in 1950, the task of ensuring that elderly people live with dignity becomes more pressing. This rise in life expectancy reflects advances in healthcare and social systems, but it also poses enormous challenges to global care infrastructure. The increasing demand for health services, long-term care and social protection systems necessitates inclusive policies that prioritise older people.

Failure to do so jeopardises the dignity of elderly people, making them susceptible to maltreatment, poverty and isolation. As populations age, older people require comprehensive support systems that meet their social, emotional, physical and financial requirements. This year’s theme for the International Day of Older Persons emphasises dignity, which is inextricably linked to access to excellent care and the preservation of human rights.

Dignity in ageing: Care and support systems

Access to medical treatment is only one aspect of ageing with dignity. It entails creating conditions where older people feel respected, appreciated and connected to society. Governments worldwide are coming to understand the need to include eldercare into national agendas. For example, South Africa has enacted the Older Persons Act (2006), which aims to promote older people’s rights and well-being by ensuring that they receive sufficient care and assistance. Social safety programmes, pension plans and access to affordable healthcare are critical structures that require upgrading. However, these efforts must extend beyond financial support. Community-based care, mental health services and protection against age-related discrimination are essential for ensuring that older people are treated with respect.

Kenya’s government has created the National Policy on Older Persons and Ageing, which seeks to improve the well-being of older people by promoting their rights and providing access to necessary services. These policies, however, must be supplemented with on-the-ground execution to ensure their efficacy. For many low- and middle-income nations, these systems are still under development, and older people face major challenges to receiving excellent care. In Africa, where social protection coverage is minimal, elderly people frequently rely on informal care networks, which are under growing strain as urbanisation and migration alter traditional family patterns.

The role of older people in education

In African communities, elders have always played a vital role in imparting cultural beliefs, skills and wisdom. The African Union’s commitment to education and skills development for the 21^st century shouldn’t overlook them. For instance, in Ethiopia, elderly people participate in community education programmes, sharing traditional knowledge and practices to bolster community resilience. As societies shift toward knowledge-driven economies, elders can become educators and mentors, transmitting valuable experiences and skills to the younger generation. This mutual relationship, where both young and old enhance society, reflects the African communal values of ubuntu, which highlight interdependence and shared humanity.

Recognising the capability of older individuals to learn new skills and embrace technological changes is also crucial. In South Africa, initiatives that promote digital literacy among older people have been established, enabling their engagement with technology and participation in the digital economy. Lifelong learning opportunities help seniors to remain active contributors to the economy and community. Additionally, they can set examples for cultivating empathy and patience among younger generations.

Towards inclusive policy solutions

The alignment of this year’s United Nations and African Union themes creates a prime opportunity to promote more inclusive policies for the welfare of older people. Governments need to invest in care systems that are tailored to the distinct needs of seniors, while encouraging their active role in society. Policies should foster intergenerational engagement, tapping into the wisdom of the elderly to benefit younger generations. Moreover, ensuring the rights of older people, particularly in rural and underserved regions, is crucial for their full inclusion in global development efforts.

Ageing with dignity involves building communities where elderly people are seen as active contributors rather than just beneficiaries of care. As we observe the International Day of Older Persons, it is essential to view ageing as a chance to create more compassionate, inclusive and caring societies. Collaborative efforts from governments, communities and individuals are vital in developing strong care systems that meet the needs of older populations and empower them to thrive in today’s world.

Lydia Chibwe is a project officer at the Centre for Human Rights at the University of Pretoria.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in the article are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the University of Pretoria.