The journey towards healthy aging begins long before we are born, leading to an important question: can we influence the impact of our genetic make-up on ourselves and our children? Scientific evidence that is emerging supports the concept that we can significantly decrease the risk of getting chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and even cancers by modifying certain behaviours. Apart from the obvious avoidance of toxins such as those associated with smoking and alcohol intake, lifestyle and behavioural interventions including stress management, physical and mental activity, social engagement, nutrition and spirituality can positively impact on longevity.

Stress management has been shown to have the largest impact on healthy aging and can be achieved through a variety of means such as breathing exercises, yoga, tai chi and spiritual development. The sooner we start increasing our physical activity the better. Remember, small moves will frequently result in huge gains over time. Aim to increase the intensity of exercises, even if just for a few seconds, and don’t forget, if your knee hurts, move your arms. Retirement does not mean you stop using your mind. Engage with family, friends and society intellectually. It is never too late to start playing interactive, mentally challenging games with children and friends to ward off the perils of Alzheimer’s.

The incidence of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases is ever increasing, adding a huge burden to patients’ families and society at large. These diseases of lifestyle can be managed better if healthy nutritional choices are made, such as a low-carbohydrate diet, increasing fibre intake and intermittent fasting. Preventative screening measures for the detection and management of common diseases in the elderly and early detection of cancers will allow for more efficient utilisation of health resources.

Aging is a very individual process, varying from person to person. It is therefore important to consider a person’s physiological age when making decisions that may impact on how much intervention is needed towards better health. A fall in old age has a huge impact on the patient’s confidence, resulting in social disengagement for fear of falling. Simple measures such as balance exercises and a review of the home environment such as improved lighting may prevent a fall. Patients with multiple medical problems often have to be managed symptomatically rather than striving to get to a definitive diagnosis with multiple tests. Manage the symptoms, make the patient comfortable, and most of all, allow for a life with dignity.

Healthy aging is an investment society cannot afford to ignore. It is the responsibility of the patient and society at large to ensure that we age with health and dignity for a better future. The aging journey never ends, but we just pass the baton to a healthier nation.

By Prof Mahmood Ally, Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences at University of Pretoria