‘Great expectations and the mourning after: A literary anatomy of post-independence politics in Africa’

In 1980 there were around 5 000 analogue mobile subscribers. With the GSM digital mobile coming into play around 1988, it is predicted that by the end of 2013 there will be approximately 7 billion connections in the world. With such spectacular growth in the wireless communications industry, the next challenge is the provision of greater throughput via broadband connections that are both pervasive and affordable. Today, broadband wireless is largely based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology.
Current challenges in this area can be summarised as follows:
1. Increased power consumption motivates the need for ‘green radios’.
2. The opportunity for spectrum sensing and cognitive radio.
3. The digital divide and the radio frequency spectrum regulatory landscape.
4. Innovation in software applications and localisation.