Research focus areas of Informatics lecturers

Prof Alta van der Merwe

Position: Deputy Dean Teaching and Learning (EBIT)

NRF rating: B3

Office: IT Building 5-82.2

ORCID: 0000-0002-3652-7512

My research generally focuses on IS and Organizations. The majority of my students use design science as their research approach, mainly using qualitative data collection. My students are involved in the following research focus areas:

Enterprise Architecture (EA): EA approaches, data and process management within EA, modelling and adoption.
Society 5.0: Disruptive technologies, Data Science related topics from an Organization perspective.
Design: Design of systems within an IS organization, Social-technical systems.
Design Science: Studying the approach of Design Science.

The research domains that I investigate include IS organizations, Education.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise Architecture Management
Innovation Cycles, methodologies, practices
Design Science;
IT Strategy for Society 5.0.

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise Architecture Management, Innovation, Design, Data Science, Design Science, Industry 4.0.

Prof Hanlie Smuts

Position: Head of Department of Informatics

NRF rating: C2

Office: IT Building 5-78

E-mail: [email protected]

http://www.hanliesmuts.com

ORCID: 0000-0001-7120-7787

As I have worked in industry until 2017, I work primarily in the field of Information Systems and Organisation focusing on

Knowledge exchange in organisation-outsource vendor relationships.
Management of knowledge assets and knowledge visualisation.
Enterprise Architecture and the application of knowledge about the enterprise.
The impact of digital business models / exponential organisations on knowledge management.
Combining knowledge in machines (Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning) with knowledge in people for knowledge work.
Big data implications on knowledge management.
Industry 4.0 and big data management; disruptive technologies and business value.
Knowledge sharing in smart cities and digital twins.
Knowledge production in Society 5.0

The research domains that I investigate are are society 5.0, knowledge management, IT outsourcing, enterprise architecture, disruptive technologies and big data in organisations.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I will support students who are interested in related or similar research:

Any knowledge and knowledge management related research especially how it relates to IT outsourcing and Enterprise Architecture.
Aspects of Industry 4.0, digital disruption and digital transformation, such as the cross-functional nature of digital transformation strategies, alignment of Digital-IT-Business strategies over and above its alignment to business models.
The phenomenon of exponential organisations, often in the digital domain, their digital transformation and how they manage knowledge assets.
The impact and implication of big data on knowledge management in organisations.

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. Knowledge Management; Information Technology outsourcing; Enterprise Architecture; Digital Disruption; Digital Transformation; Big data; Knowledge visualisation; Artificial Intelligence for Knowledge Management (AI4KM); Knowledge Management for Development (KM4D).

Prof Machdel Matthee

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: C2

Office: IT Building 5- 58

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-6973-1798

My research generally focuses on 21st century skills (skills needed to function in a technology-dominated society) and the teaching thereof. The aim is to provide quality education and promote social well-being:

• Computational thinking: the thinking processes underlying computing

• Critical thinking: the importance and role of critical thinking in the information age

• ICT and education: acceptance and use of ICT in education, IS education

• Societal implications of IS: e.g. social aspects of social networks, the changing nature of human agency, fake news.

The research domains that I investigate include schools, higher education institutions, organisations, communities and end-users.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching problems in one of the following:

• Enabling teachers to teach computational thinking;

• Effective ways to teach computational thinking;

• The role of numeracy in computational thinking;

• Computational thinking and ethics;

• Fake news and critical thinking;

• Detection of fake news;

• Critical thinking and the IS curriculum

Keywords and concepts relevant to my research: Critical thinking, Change, Societal Implications, ICT and education, Disruption, Social media, Future, 21st century skills, Society 5.0, well-being.

Prof Rennie Naidoo

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: C2

Office: IT Building 5-93

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0001-8392-1136

My research on IS and Organizations focuses on four of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; Decent Work & Economic Growth; Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, and Gender Equality. I take a multidisciplinary view in applying either qualitative or quantitative approaches to the following specialized areas of study:

Digital workplace. Automation, digital enterprise, digital transformation, digital technologies, digital channels, digital collaborations, digital platforms, digital marketplaces, remote technologies, video game industry.
Cybersecurity. Cybersecurity careers, cybercrime, cyber defences, cyber safety, cyber skills, cyber threats, cyber warfare, governance, leadership, risk management, privacy.

The research domains that I investigate include global organizations, services, healthcare, SOEs, government agencies, manufacturing, outsourcing arrangements, software development teams, DevOps teams, DevSecOps environment, the cybersecurity function, and cybersecurity staff.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching problems in one of the following:

Job and work design in cybersecurity
New work arrangements in the digital enterprise
New work arrangements in global and local software development
Cybersecurity governance and risk management
Social media scams and e-mail threats

Keywords and concepts relevant to my research include adoption, broadband, case study, cloud, control, culture, diversity, gender, inclusion, inequality, innovation, IOTs, race, resilience, risk, postcolonialism, power, privacy, skills, social engineering, social influence, socio-technical, staff retention, survey, trust, and work-related stress.

Prof Marita Turpin

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: C3

Office: IT Building 5-66.1

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-4425-2010

Overview of my research focus areas appears below:

Developing of 21st century skills in IS and beyond. Effective teaching of 4IR skills, IoT concepts, critical thinking and problem solving.
Potential benefits and disbenefits of 4IR technologies (such as IoT) in developing countries..
The digital and platform economies. Opportunities and challenges related to the digital economy and platform technologies, in a developing country context.

The research domains that I investigate include the broad areas of the societal impact of disruptive technologies, teaching of 4IR/21st century skills, ICT for sustainable development.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Teaching critical thinking and problem solving in the IS domain
Teaching 4IR skills to working people with non-technology backgrounds
Teaching platform technology and 4IR skills to graduate students
Using critical thinking as a means to identify fake news
Developing community resilience and sustainability through ICT4D interventions
Societal impact of digital platform businesses and 4IR in developing countries
Application of fair work principles to digital platform gig workers

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. Societal impact of disruptive technologies, digital economy, 21st century skills, critical thinking, fake news, sustainability in ICT4D.

Dr Henk Pretorius

Position: Senior Lecturer

Office: IT Building 5-65

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-2051-5290

My research in general focuses on IS in Organizations, but also include technology and sport. I prefer a qualitative research approach. Research areas (in various combinations) that I focus on include:

Governance, fraud and corruption;
Process Management;
Women in ICT;
Innovative and future technologies (4IR, Robotic Process Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Social Media, etc.); and
Technology and sport.

IS research is of interdisciplinary nature that involves various organizational research contexts. The exception may be technology and sport.

Keywords: Process Management (Business), Women in ICT, Governance, Fraud, Corruption, 4IR, Robotic Process Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Social Media, Innovation, Technology in Sport, Disruptive technologies.

Prof Marié Hattingh

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: Y2

Office: IT Building 5-67

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-1121-8892

My research generally focuses on the role of Social Media in communities. I take an interdisciplinary view in applying either qualitative or quantitative approaches to study the following research focus areas:

Use of Social Media in different Communities. Reporting crime, finding missing persons, community upliftment, the integration and use of social media by governmental institutions, understanding how social media is used by online activists and the relationship with offline activism.
Influence of social media in different communities. Electronic word of mouth, social media influencers, digital entrepreneurs, social media incorporation into organisations, social participation.
Darker side of social media use. Positive and negative use of social media such as: darkweb, fake news, narcissism, FOMO, social media fatigue, addiction and the moral/ethical consequences of social media use.
The responsible use of technology by different communities. Evaluation studies of e-Textbook use by learners and their parents, technology use for special needs education.

The research domains that I investigate include Organisations, Government, Communities and Individuals.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Understanding what aspects make social media influencer attractive (quantitative and qualitative)
Understanding the factors that drive electronic word of mouth participation
Understanding how organisations incorporate social media feedback/data into their organisation’s knowledge base
Understanding the constructs associated with FOMO and social media fatigue.

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research: Community safety, eActivism, eGovernment, eWOM, Facebook, FOMO, netnography, social media, social media fatigue, social media influencer, text mining, Twitter.

Dr JP van Deventer

Position: Senior Lecturer

Office: IT Building 5-97

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-3598-0921

My research generally focuses on IS and Organizations. I take an interdisciplinary view in applying mostly a quantitative approach to study the following research focus areas:

IT Value: Knowledge Representation, Enterprise Architecture, Unstructured Analytics, Text Analysis, Data Science
IS Implementation: Several domains of business, technology, people, infrastructure and market forces to change the Enterprise Architecture, symbolic representations of text and pattern analysis from one state to another

The research domains that I investigate include Knowledge Representation, Enterprise Architecture, Unstructured Analytics, Text Analysis and Data Science

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Enterprise Architecture in general and Knowledge Architecture in particular
Unstructured analytics and text analysis approaches
Fundamentals in Data Science and application thereof
Various forms of predictive modeling
The impact of artificial intelligence, big data and machine learning
Internet of things and the application of sensor networks
Pervasive and ubiquitous systems and computing especially security concerns
Ethics in general with a specific interest in concerns pertaining to procedural ethics

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. Knowledge Representation, Enterprise Architecture, Unstructured Analytics, Text Analysis, Data Science

Dr Funmi Adebesin

Position: Senior Lecturer

NRF rating: C3

Office: IT Building 5-73

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-0512-016X

My research generally focuses on the use of information systems for Sustainable Development, specifically in the healthcare domain. I take a multidisciplinary view in applying either qualitative or quantitative approaches to work in the following specialized areas of study:

ICT use in period of pandemics: The role of ICTs in the fight against COVID-19
Digital health and 4IR. The role of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) in the transformation of healthcare.
Social media and digital health. The influence of health social networks on health behaviour change and chronic disease management.
Consumer health wearable devices. Use of consumer wearables for self-tracking/self-quantification, security, privacy, ethical issues around tracking of health data.

The research domains that I investigate include National and provincial health departments, private and public healthcare facilities, users of consumer wearable apps devices, healthcare systems designers and developers.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching problems in one of the following:

The role of ICTs in the fight against COVID-19.
ICT interventions in the period of pandemics.
The role of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) in the transformation of healthcare.
The influence of health social networks on health behaviour change and chronic disease management.
The influence of social media on health self-tracking/self-quantification.
Factors leading to resistance in the use of electronic medical record (EMR) systems.
User-centered approaches to the development of EMR systems.
User-centered approaches to the development of consumer wearable health devices.
Ethical, security, and privacy issues related to the use of consumer wearable health devices.
Legislation and policies for the protection of health data.
Impact of healthcare systems on healthcare professionals’ work processes.
Management and sharing of health data.
Usability and user experiences (UX) of consumer wearable health devices.
Usability and user experiences (UX) of mobile apps.

Keywords and concepts relevant to my research: Consumer wearable health devices, ICTs and COVID-19, digital health and 4IR, health social networks, health data ethics, health data privacy, health data security, usability, user-centered design, patient-driven care.

Dr Lizette Weilbach

Position: Senior lecturer

Office: IT Building 5-69

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-0827-2444

The research domains that I focus on include IS and organisations, Society 5.0, disruptive technologies and UX (User Experience) Design. I am particularly interested in the way in which information technology affects the social and emotional well-being of people. This includes, but is not limited to:

The use of Social media
The use of AI
FOMO
The overuse of technology
Cyber-bullying

IS development and design is another passion. I have presented multiple business & systems analysis and design courses to industry. My latest interest in this field focuses on UX design and I’m interested in pursuing research which focusses on evaluating and enhancing the human computer interaction aspects of IS.

I’ve been teaching in the field of IS for many years, and thus also have an interest in ICT to support quality education. Here my focus is on ICT to enhance teaching and learning: the use of current tools, techniques, and approaches available for both face-to-face and online teaching and learning.

I can support students wanting to do research on all the topics mentioned above.

Keywords: Society 5.0; AI use and consequences; disruptive technologies; UX Design; Social Media use; cyberbullying; technology to enhance teaching and learning.

Prof Tendani Mawela

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: Y2

Office: IT Building 5-99

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-0574-3340

My research generally focuses on IS and Organizations. I take an interdisciplinary view in applying either qualitative or quantitative approaches to study the following research focus areas:

Digital Government (E-Government). The use of information and communication technologies to support the policies and operations of government.
ICT for Development (ICT4D). The relation between information and communication technologies and development.
Digital Skills (E-Skills). The skills and capabilities required to take advantage of the opportunities afforded by ICT’s and mobile technologies.

The research domains that I investigate include Public sector organizations, citizens and other e-government user communities.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching problems in one of the following areas:

ICTs for service delivery, citizen participation and governance.
Social media for civic engagement and political participation.
The role of ICTs in social and financial inclusion.
Opportunities, challenges and implications of emerging and disruptive technologies in government.
The systematic review of Digital Government, Digital Skills and ICT4D literature.

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. Digital Government, e-Government, Mobile Government (m-Government), Smart Governance, Digital skills, e-Participation, e-Democracy, ICT for Development (ICT4D), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Digital Divide, Digital Inclusion, Social Media, Systematic Literature Reviews.

Prof Riana Steyn

Position: Associate Professor

NRF rating: Y2

Office: IT Building 5-66

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-9841-2497

My research generally focuses on Entrepreneurs from an educational perspective. I focus my research on Entrepreneurial skills development and how this can be achieved through various avenues, thus focusing my research on:

Micro-credentials (Badges) and the role they play to increase entrepreneurial skills levels
The effect of Nano-teaching and learning on Higher education and/or entrepreneurs
Educational technologies to increase skills development
Entrepreneurs and the adoption of IT in their business
IT training and skills development needs of entrepreneurs

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Micro-credentials (badges) to increase skills levels
Educational technologies and teaching online
SME and IT adoption
Entrepreneurial IT adoption approaches
IT training needs for entrepreneurs

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. IT adoption, entrepreneurs, SMEs learning approaches, Micro-credentials, Nano-teaching and learning

Dr Tania Prinsloo

Position: Senior Lecturer

NRF rating: Y2

Office: IT Building 5-59

E-mail: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-1877-9115

My main research area is within ICT for Agriculture, focusing on the three Sustainable Development Goals: No Poverty, Zero Hunger and Life on Land. In this domain, I look at:

IS in issues of (in)equality and marginalized groups.
IS for a greener society, specifically in agriculture.
Designs for wearable, pervasive, and ubiquitous systems and computing in agriculture.
Ethical uses of data.
The role of IS for climate change.
Animal-computer-interaction.

In terms of ICT for Education, I focus on the Sustainable Development Goals Quality Education and Reducing Inequalities. Here, I focus on:

Principles of lifelong learning.
Different learning styles and how to accommodate students in an online environment.
Continuous assessment vs. the traditional methods of assessment.
Current IS teaching trends.

Finally, I am interested in developmental issues pertaining to the Global South.

The research domains that I investigate are new technologies in development, agriculture and education.

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research. ICT4D, ICT4Ag, ICT for Education, sustainable agriculture using technology, wearable devices in agriculture, IS and climate change, animal-computer-interaction, development in the Global South, lifelong learning, learning styles, continuous assessment, teaching trends.

Dr Nita Mennega

Position: Lecturer

Office: Building IT 5-98

Email: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-0893-7810

My research on IS and the IS workforce focuses on two of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals: Decent Work & Economic Growth and Gender Equality. I take a multidisciplinary view in applying either qualitative or quantitative approaches to the following specialized areas of study:

IT labour market - Shortage of IT professionals, gender issues, diversity issues
ICT and education - availability and uptake of IT qualifications
Education - attainment of digital skills
Industry readiness - skills necessary for the fourth industrial revolution

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Factors that influence students' decision to enroll for an IT degree
Theoretical approaches to investigating the lack of diversity in the Information Technology workforce
Digital Skills development
ICT and Education
Knowledge Visualisation

The following keywords and concepts are relevant to my research: gender and Information Technology, graduate skills development, digital skills, ICT4D and knowledge visualisation.

Mr Ridewaan Hanslo

Position: Lecturer

Office: IT Building 5-101

Email: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-4075-722X

My research generally focuses on Information Systems, Software Engineering, and Artificial Intelligence with specialised areas of study in:

Agile Project Management: Scrum adoption, Agile project success.
DevOps: DevOps environment success factors.
Distributed Ledger Technologies: DLT adoption, Blockchain.
Machine Learning: Predicting Agile project outcomes, agile adoption using regression analysis.
Natural language processing: Conversational agent technology factors, chatbot implementation, neural and statistical machine translation models.
Neural Networks: Deep learning transformer models, low-resourced languages.

The research domains that I investigate include - Agile practitioners, DevOps environments, DLT technologies, IT organizations, low-resourced languages, neural network architectures, NLP conversational agents, predictive analytics, and software development practices.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching problems in one of the following:

Agile project success factors
Conversational agent technology implementation and use
DevOps success factors
DLT and Blockchain adoption
Named-entity recognition sequence tagging
Predicting agile project outcomes
Predictive analytics using Machine Learning and Neural Networks
Scrum adoption challenges

Keywords and concepts relevant to my research: adoption, agile, agile practitioners, blockchain, chatbots, continuous delivery, continuous deployment, continuous integration, conversational agents, deep learning, devops, distributed ledger technology, IT organizations, low-resourced languages, machine learning, machine translation, natural language processing, neural network architectures, quantitative, scrum, software development, software engineering, statistical analysis, and success factors.

Dr Nozibele Gcora-Vumazonke

Position: Lecturer

Office: IT Building, Room 5-66

E-mail:[email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0001-7074-074X

My research generally focuses on IS and organisations. My students are involved in the following research focus areas:

End-user participation in SDLC
E-government
Public healthcare information systems
Big data analytics for public healthcare
Social Media big data analytics

The research domains that I investigate include mHealth, e-government and data analytics.

Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

End-user participation through co-designing in SDLC
Integrated Financial Management Information Systems (IFMIS) to enhance accountability and reliability in government departments in developing countries
mHealth interventions for public healthcare organisations
Big data analytics for clinical decision-making in developing countries
Assessing the reliability of social media data for effective and informed decision-making

These keywords and concepts are relevant to my research: Financial Management Information Systems (FMIS), clinical decision-making, end-user participation, public healthcare, big data analytics, social media.

Mr Mike Nkongolo

Position: Lecturer

Office: IT Building, Room 5-100

Email: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0003-0938-113X

My research focuses on Network Security, Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Machine Learning (ML). I take a multidisciplinary view in applying experimental and model-building approaches to work in the following specialized areas of Information Science (IS), Computer Science (CS), and Information Technology (IT):

Intrusion Detection Problems and cyber threats analysis. The application of Intrusion Detection Systems and Intrusion Prevention Systems for zero-day threats detection.
Machine Learning. The role of various ML algorithms for subscriber service analysis, social media classification, and network optimization.
Artificial Intelligence. Application of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) in AI (e.g., game design or implementation, game theory, ludology, recommendation systems, and discrete optimization for big data).
Data Science and NLP. The role of Sentiment Analysis (SA) to study online Corporate Reputation.
Web mining and search engine optimization.

The research domains that I investigate also include software testing, quality assurance, systems engineering, the criticality of network infrastructures, and network traffic anomaly. I have also developed an interest in Bioinformatics (Computational Chemistry). Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

0-day threats analysis (detection and prevention).
Time series forecasting using DPI data.
The role of network traffic management in the prediction of subscriber behaviours.
The classification of social networks for subscriber behaviour analysis.
Game design and implementation (Indigenous Knowledge Games).
Online Corporate Reputation analysis using SA.
Ethical, security, and privacy issues related to Data Science and Big Data.
Telecommunication (cybersecurity and ubiquitous computing).

The keywords and concepts relevant to my research are zero-day threats analysis, artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, time series forecasting, subscriber management, social media classification, sentiment analysis, data science, data insights, anomaly detection, big data, reputation analysis, telecommunication engineering, pattern recognition, web mining, and search engine optimization.

Mrs Deborah Oluwadele

Position: Lecturer

Office: IT Building, Room 5-65

Email: [email protected]

ORCID:

My research generally focuses on leveraging Information systems and technology for sustainable development in healthcare. I use data science techniques to extract intrinsic meaning from data and machine learning algorithms to build models that improve organizational performance in the following specialized areas of study:

Capacity building in healthcare through e-learning design, monitoring, and evaluation in medical education.
Product design, management, and evaluation in healthcare.
User requirement engineering in health product development.
Electronic Medical Record implementation in healthcare.
Change management in healthcare.

The research domains that I investigate include public and private healthcare operations, healthcare device manufacturing companies, medical education institutions, and health informatics organizations. Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

E-learning implementation, monitoring, and evaluation in medical education.
Wearable computing in healthcare.
Health technologies design, development, implementation, and impact assessment (Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Cloud Computing, IoT, Telehealth.)
Clinical Information Modelling.
Customer Journey Mapping in Healthcare.
Primary and secondary data analysis in healthcare.

The following keywords and concepts are relevant to my research: e-learning in medical education, electronic medical records, telemedicine, Sustainable Development Goals, product management, and product design.

Dr Timothy Adeliyi

Position: Senior Lecturer

Office: IT Building, Room 5-76

Email: [email protected]

ORCID: 0000-0002-8034-1045

My research generally focuses on Data Science, IS, and organisations. I approach my research in the following specialized areas of study from a multidisciplinary perspective, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches:

Sentiment Analysis: The development of a hybridized sentiment analysis model for better public governance
Fake news: Detection of online fake news using ensemble machine learning
Analysing Channel Surfing Behaviour of IPTV Subscribers Using Machine Learning Models
E-learning monitoring and performance evaluation in education

The research domains that I investigate include 4IR, social media, multimedia systems, eGovernment, IS and organisations. Topics that I am actively involved in are listed below. I can support students who are committed to researching suitable topics in one of the following areas:

Ensemble machine learning and deep learning
Techniques for detecting rapid changes in the crime trends
Understanding the factors associated with credit card churning
Converged networks and wireless sensor network
Fake news and hate speech detection

The following keywords and concepts are relevant to my research: social media, multimedia systems, Fake news, crime trends, sentiment analysis, data science.

- Author Hanlie Smuts

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