Prof. Anita van der Merwe

POSITION

Professor Emeritus 

Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, University of Pretoria

 

PROFESSIONAL LINKS: 

 

ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS:

B.A. Logopaedics - Speech Pathology and Audiology

M.A. (Speech Pathology)

DPhil (Speech Pathology)

 

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS:

Current: 

Honorary Lifelong Member - South African Speech-Language and Hearing Association (SASLHA)

Member - Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA)

Previously:

Member - The South African Neuro-developmental Therapy Association 

Member - South African Society for the Brain and Behaviour Studies 

Member - American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 

Member - British Aphasiology Society 

Member - Southern African Neurological Rehabilitation Association

 

ACADEMIC MEMBERSHIPS (University of Pretoria):

2003 - 2007 - Research Coordinator, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities 

2003 - 2007 - Member: Humanities Postgraduate Committee Member

2003 - 2014 - Member: Humanities Research Committee 

Jun - Sep 2006 - Acting Chair: Humanities Research Committee 

2004 - 2013 - Humanities RIS Coordinator

 

RESEARCH OUTPUT / PUBLICATIONS: 

Peer-Reviewed Articles:

  • Van der Merwe A., (1976). A neuro-evolutional and neurophysiological approach to the assessment and treatment of acquired dysarthria. (Title translated from Afrikaans) Journal of the SA Speech and Hearing Association, 23, p. 45-58.
  • Van der Merwe A., (1982). A Hierarchical Analysis of Voice Pathology: A Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment.  S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 29, p. 16-21.
  • Gillmer, E. & Van der Merwe, A. (1983). Voice onset time of apraxic and dysarthric speakers. (title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 30, p. 34-39.
  • Van der Merwe A., Uys I.C., Loots J.M. & Grimbeek R.J. (1987). The influence of certain contextual factors on the perceptual errors in apraxia of speech. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34, p. 10-22.
  • Van der Merwe, A., Uys, I.C., Loots, J.M. & Grimbreek R.J. (1988). Perceptual errors in apraxia of speech: Indications of the nature of the disorder. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35, p. 45-54.
  • Cilliers N.J., Van der Merwe A., Hurter M. & Nel O. (1988). The manifestation of middle ear pathology in an elderly group.  S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35, p. 37-44.
  • Nel M., Odendaal W., Hurter M., Meyer S., & Van der Merwe A. (1988). The incidence and nature of hearing problems and middle ear pathology in a group of black urban children in Grade 1. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 35, p. 45-54.
  • Van der Vyver M., Van der Merwe A., & Tesner H.E.C. (1988). The effect of otitis media on articulation in cerebral palsied children.  International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 11(4), p. 379-401.
  • Fick E., Louw B., Van der Merwe A. (1989). The influence of sensory impairment on mother-child communicative interaction.  International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 12(1), p. 67-93.
  • Van der Merwe A., Uys I.C., Loots J.M., Grimbeek R.J. & Jansen L.P.C. (1989). The influence of certain contextual factors on voice onset time, vowel duration and utterance duration in apraxia of speech. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, p. 29-41.
  • Le Roux K., Van der Merwe A. & Louw B. (1989). Video-fluoroscopic assessment of the swallowing process in cerebral palsied children. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 36, p. 15-21.
  • Van der Merwe A. & Grimbeek R.J. (1990). A comparison of the influence of certain contextual factors on the symptoms of acquired and developmental apraxia of speech. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37, p. 27-34.
  • Van der Merwe A., Groenewald E., Tesner H.E.C. & Grimbeek R.J. (1993). The formant patterns of Afrikaans vowels as produced by male speakers. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Linguistics (ISI), 11, p. 71-79.
  • Cloete K., Groenewald E., Van der Merwe A., & Badenhorst J.C. (1993). An electroglottographic analysis of certain parameters of voice: Normative indications. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, p. 97-105.
  • Erasmus I., Van der Merwe A., & Groenewald E.  (1993). Speech sound distortion in neuromotor speech disorders: A comparison between cerebellar dysarthria and apraxia of speech. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 40, p. 85-96.
  • Theron K., Van der Merwe A., & Baker M. (1995). Anticipatory labial coarticulation: An electromyographic study in Afrikaans speakers. (title translated). S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 42, p. 35-48.
  • Van der Merwe A., Van Tonder M., Pretorius E. & Crous H. (1996). Voice problems of certain groups of professional voice users: Implications for prevention. (title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders, 43, p. 41-51.
  • Schmullian D, Van der Merwe A, & Groenewald E. (1997). An exploratory study of an undefined acquired neuromotor speech disorder within the context of the Four Level framework for Speech Sensorimotor Control. S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET). 44, p. 87-97.
  • Fouche S, & Van der Merwe A. (1999). Sepedi test for speech intelligibility. (Title translated) S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET). 46, p. 25-35.
  • Van der Merwe A. & Tesner H. (2000). Apraxia of speech in a bilingual speaker: Perceptual characteristics and generalisation of non-language specific treatment. S.A. Journal of Communication Disorders. Special Edition: Communication Disorders in Multilingual Populations (DHET). 47, p. 79-89.
  • Grobler I, Van der Merwe A, & Groenewald E. (2002). Voice onset time of Afrikaans speaking children aged four to seven years. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies (*ISI), 20, p. 47-63.
  • Grey L, Van der Merwe A, Daws L. (2002). The relation between personality and voice hyperfunction in a selected group of speakers. (Title translated). Health SA Gesondheid (DHET), 7, (4).
  • Van der Merwe A. (2004). The Voice Use Reduction Program. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (ISI), 13, August, p. 208-218.  
  • Naidoo Y, Van der Merwe A, Groenewald E, Naude E. (2005). A developmental profile of speech sound and syllable acquisition in Zulu speaking children. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies (*ISI), 24 (2), p. 59-79.
  • Engelbrecht L, Van der Merwe A, Pretorius J. (2006). The surgical management and speech and swallowing rehabilitation of patients with advanced tongue cancer in South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid (DHET), 11 (3), p.14-26.
  • Van der Merwe A. (2007). Self-correction in apraxia of speech: The effect of treatment. Aphasiology (*ISI), 21 (6/7/8), p.658-669.
  • Stipinovich A., Van der Merwe A. (2007). Acquired dysarthria within the context of the four-level framework of speech sensorimotor control. SA Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET), 54, p. 67-76.
  • Engelbrecht L., Van der Merwe A. (2007). Quality of life after glosso-laryngectomy. SA Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET), 54, p. 29-38.
  • Theron K, Van der Merwe A, Robin DR, Groenewald E. (2009). Temporal parameters of speech production in bilingual speakers with apraxic or phonemic paraphasic errors. Aphasiology (*ISI),23 (5), p. 557-583.
  • Van der Merwe A. (2011). A speech motor learning approach to treating apraxia of speech: Rationale and effects of intervention with an adult with acquired apraxia of speech. Aphasiology (*ISI), 25(10), p. 1174-1206.
  • Van der Merwe A, Le Roux M (2014). Idiosyncratic sound systems of the South African Bantu languages: Research and clinical implications for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. South African Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET), 61 (1), p. 1-8.
  • Kendall D.L, Edmonds L, Van Zyl A, Odendaal I, Steyn M, Van der Merwe A (2015). What can speech production errors tell us about cross-linguistic processing in bilingual aphasia?  Evidence from 4 English/Afrikaans speaking individuals with aphasia. South African Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET) 62 (1). Art. #111, 10 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v62i1.111
  • Couch S, Zieba D, Van der Linde J, Van der Merwe A. (2015). The vocal effectiveness of Speech-Language Pathology students: Before and after voice use during service delivery. South African Journal of Communication Disorders (DHET), 62 (1), p. 1-7.
  • Rausch T, Kendall DL, Kover S, Louw EM, Zsilavecz U, Van der Merwe A. (2017). The effect of Methylphenidate-Oros ® on the narrative ability of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, South African Journal of Communication Disorder (DHET), 64(1). ISSN: (online) 2225-4765, (Print) 0379-8046.
  • Van der Merwe A, Steyn M. (2018). Model driven treatment of childhood apraxia of speech: Positive effects of the speech motor learning approach. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (*ISI), 27(1), p. 37-51.
  • Jones G, Van der Merwe A, Van der Linde J, le Roux M. (2018). Development of a Setswana tonal minimal pair word list as research tool. South African Journal of African Languages (IBSS), 38(2), p. 127-135.
  • Jones G, Van der Merwe A, Olinger L, Le Roux M, Van der Linde J. (2020). The effect of voice disorders on lexical tone variation: Exploratory study in an African language. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 22:1, 86-94, (*ISI).
  • Van der Merwe, A. (2021): New perspectives on speech motor planning and programming in the context of the four- level model and its implications for understanding the pathophysiology underlying apraxia of speech and other motor speech disorders, Aphasiology. 35:4, 397-423, (*ISI).

Chapters in Books:

  • Van der Merwe A. (1997).  A theoretical framework for the characterization of pathological speech sensorimotor control.  In McNeil M.R. (Red.)  Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. Chapter 1: p. 1-26.
  • Van der Merwe A. (2009). A theoretical framework for the characterization of pathological speech sensorimotor control. 2nd Edition. In McNeil M.R. (Red.)  Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders. Thieme Medical Publishers:  New York. Chapter 1: p. 3-18.
  • Van der Merwe A. (2009). Worster-Drought Syndrome. In McNeil M.R. (Red.)  Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders. 2nd Edition (New chapter). Thieme Medical Publishers:  New York. p. 407-409.
  • Van der Merwe A. & Le Roux M. (2014). Dysarthria and apraxia of speech in selected African languages: Zulu and Tswana. In Miller N. & Lowit A. (Eds) Motor Speech Disorders: A Cross Language and Bilingual Perspective. Series: Communication Disorders Across Languages, Series Editors Muller N & Ball M.J. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters Ltd. p. 125-142.
  • Van der Merwe A. & Steyn M. (2020). Production of click sounds in acquired apraxia of speech: A view to the motoric nature of the disorder. In Sands B. (Ed) Click Consonants. BRILL Publishers: Leiden, The Netherlands.

Books:

  • Van der Merwe A. (1985). Treatment program for developmental apraxia of speech and other speech disorders (Title translated from Afrikaans). University of Pretoria Press.

Invited International Conference Keynote Address:

  • 2002:   Van der Merwe A. Keynote speaker: 32nd Clinical Aphasiology Conference, 31 May – 4 June, 2002, Big Cedar Lodge, Missouri, USA. Title of keynote address: The four-level framework for the characterization of pathological speech sensorimotor control (Van der Merwe A, 1997): Applications to treating apraxia of speech. (90 Minutes)

International Conference Presentations:

  • 1995:   Van der Merwe A, Groenewald E, Brittz H & Grimbeek J. British Aphasiology Society Biennial International Conference, University of York, England; Paper presented: Differentiating the levels of dysfunction in acquired neuromotor speech disorders: The context sensitivity of temporal features in apraxia of speech, cerebellar dysarthria and lower motor neuron dysarthria
  • 1996:   Van der Merwe A, Groenewald E & Grimbeek J. Eighth Biennial Conference on Motor Speech: Motor Speech Disorders and Speech Motor Control, Amelia Island, Florida, USA; Paper presented: Acquired and developmental apraxia of speech: Perceptual and acoustic analysis of symptoms with reference to context sensitivity and variability
  • 1998:   Van der Merwe A, Tesner H, Groenewald E & CA Moore. Ninth Biennial Conference on Motor Speech: Motor Speech Disorders and Speech Motor Control, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Paper presented: Successive level intervention in apraxia of speech: Status report on a single subject experimental study.
  • 1998:   Schmullian D, Van der Merwe A & Groenewald E. 8th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference. Kwa Maritane, Pilanesberg National Park, SA; Paper Presented: An exploratory study of an undefined neuromotor speech disorder within the context of the four-level framework of speech sensorimotor control.
  • 1998:   Van der Merwe A. 8th International Aphasia Rehabilitation Conference. Kwa Maritane, Pilanesberg National Park, SA; Paper presented: Speech motor learning in apraxia of speech: Report on a single subject experimental study.
  • 2000:   Van der Merwe A & Tesner H. 2nd International Symposium of Communication Disorders in Multilingual Populations, 18-21 July, Kwa Maritane, SA; Paper presented: Apraxia of Speech in a bilingual speaker: Perceptual characteristics and generalization of non-language specific treatment.
  • 2000:   Groenewald E & Van der Merwe A. 1st International Conference of the South African performer’s voice and movement educators, 22-24 September, Pretoria; Paper presented: Voice conservation for the professional singer: research and management
  • 2004:   Engelbrecht L, Van der Merwe A, Pretorius J. 6th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer, Washington DC, August 7-11. Poster presented by Pretorius J, Department of Surgery, UP: The surgical management, speech and swallowing rehabilitation, and quality of life of persons with advanced tongue cancer in South Africa.
  • 2006:   Van der Merwe A. 36th Annual Clinical Aphasiology Conference, University of Ghent, Belgium, May 29 – June 2. Paper presented: Self-correction in apraxia of speech: The effect of treatment.
  • 2006:   Van der Merwe A., Grimbeek J. 5th International Conference on Speech Motor Control, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 7-10 June. Poster: Variability of voice onset time, vowel duration and utterance duration in apraxia of speech.
  • 2009:  Van der Merwe A, Van Zyl A, Odendaal I. 3rd International Symposium on Communication Disorders in Multilingual Populations, Agros, Cyprus, 6-8 November. Paper presented: Phonemic paraphasia in bilingual speakers with aphasia.
  • 2012:  Van der Merwe A. Knowledge of speech motor plans in normal adult speakers and in speakers with apraxia of speech. Motor Speech Disorders and Speech Motor Control Conference, Santa Rosa, USA, 29 Feb – 4 March.
  • 2014:   Kendall, D., Edmonds, L., Van Zyl, A., Odendaal, I., Steyn, M., Van der Merwe, A.  What can speech production errors tell us about cross-linguistic processing in bilingual aphasia?  Evidence from 4 English/Afrikaans speaking individuals with aphasia. 2014 Clinical Aphasiology Conference. St. Simons, Georgia, USA. May 27 to May 31.
  • 2021:  O’Toole M., Bislick, L., Engelhoven, A., Madden, E., Van der Merwe, A. The Speech Motor Learning Approach to Apraxia of Speech Treatment via Remote Delivery. 2021 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) Convention. Washington, USA. November 18 to November 20.

Invited International Lectures and Courses (visiting Professor)

  • 1992: Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Section of Speech Pathology, Rochester, Madison, USA. Lecture to students and staff: Apraxia of speech in Theory and Practice. June. 
  • 1998: Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Lecture to students and staff: Apraxia of speech in theory and practice: Out of Africa. February.
  • 2002: Continuing Education One-day Course for the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Department of Communication Science & Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; 7 June; The Speech Motor Learning Program: Treating developmental and acquired apraxia of speech and other speech disorders.
  • 2002: Scientific lecture; Department of Communicative Disorders, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA; 14 June; Model driven treatment in apraxia of speech: Applications of the four-level framework for speech sensorimotor control (Van der Merwe, 1997).
  • 2002: Continuing Education One-day Course in apraxia of speech, Morecambe Bay, Primary Care Trust, United Kingdom; 18 June; The Speech Motor Learning Program: Treating developmental and acquired apraxia of speech and other speech disorders.
  • 2020: Scientific lecture (virtual): Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, Switzerland. 30 November. A Four-Level Model of Speech Sensorimotor Control and its Implications for Understanding Motor Speech Disorders. 

Invited National Conference Keynote Address:

  • 2011:  Van der Merwe A. Keynote speaker: SASLHA Seminar 2011. 27 and 28 May, Protea Hotel, Midrand, Gauteng. Theory driven treatment of apraxia of speech: The challenge. (Two hour presentation).

National Conference Presentations and Short Courses: 

  • 1982:   SASHLA; Short course (2 Hours): Differential diagnosis of developmental apraxia of speech and phonological disorders.
  • 1983:   SASHLA, National Conference, Johannesburg; Two papers:
    • A comprehensive therapy program for acquired dysarthria
    • The treatment of verbal apraxia
  • 1985:   SASHLA, National Conference, Johannesburg; Paper: Basic principles for the treatment of apraxia of speech: A theoretical rationale.
  • 1987:   University of Pretoria, Department of Pediatrics; Lecture to M Med students (Pediatrics): Speech, Voice and Language Disorders.
  • 1987:   SASHLA, National Conference, Pretoria; Two papers presented:
    • The treatment of psychogenic voice disorders: Principles and techniques
    • Perceptual speech errors in verbal apraxia: Implications for diagnosis, treatment and research.
  • 1987-1988: University of Pretoria, Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, co-            presenter of one-day course in research methodology to post graduate students
  • 1989:   S.A. Society for Brain and Behaviour Studies, Fourth National Conference, Durban; Paper: Questions in search of answers in Apraxia of Speech: A report on research within the framework of a speech production model 
  • 1991:   SASHLA, One-day course: The basic neurology of speech and language: Guidelines for differential diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic speech and language disorders
  • 1992:   SASHLA 1992 National Conference, Pretoria; Paper presented: An electroglottographic analysis of voice: Norms for different age groups. Co-presenters: E. Groenewald, K. Cloete
  • 1992:   SA Association for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Oncology Combined National Conference, Pretoria; Paper presented: Understanding voice disorders
  • 1994:   SASHLA, 1994 National Conference, Durban; Short course (3 Hours): The treatment of apraxia of speech.
  • 1995:   SASHLA Short course (4 Hours): The treatment of Developmental Apraxia of Speech; Pretoria.
  • 1997:   Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria; Organizer and co-presenter: Accountable service delivery in Communication Pathology (neuromotor speech disorders and voice disorders).
  • 2001:   Van der Merwe A & Groenewald E, SASLHA KZN Conference 2001, Partners in Communication. Wild Coast Sun, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 15-18 October; Paper presented: A voice use reduction program: Voice conservation in a case of acute vocal trauma.
  • 2003:   SASHLA Conference 2003, Sun City, 27-29 October, Paper presented: Motor Learning in Communication Pathology.
  • 2005:   Continuing professional development seminar: The diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders (4 Hours). University of Pretoria. 13 August.
  • 2005:   2nd Neurological Rehabilitation Conference presented by the Southern African Neurological Rehabilitation Association, Johannesburg, 24-26 February. Paper presented: Speech Motor Learning in Acquired Apraxia of Speech.
  • 2005:   7th National South African Neurodevelopmental Therapy Association Congress, Pretoria, 29/8 - 2 September. Paper presented: Applications of the Speech Motor Learning Program in practice: Research findings.
  • 2005:   Shibambu M, Van der Merwe A, 41st ENT Annual National Congress: South African Society of ORL and HNS in conjunction with Speech Therapy and Audiology, Bloemfontein, 6-9 November. Paper presented: Outcomes of the Speech Motor Learning Program in treating a multilingual speaker with apraxia.
  • 2007:   Van der Merwe A, Zsilavecz U, 43rd South African National ENT Conference in association with SAHNOS, SAAA and SASHLA, Sun City, 11-14 November. Paper presented: Concomitant disorders in neuromotor control of speech fluency and voice production.
  • 2007:   Van der Merwe A. Joint Congress of the SA Spinal Cord Association and the SA Neurological Rehabilitation Association (SANRA), Durban 5-7 September. Paper presented: Volitional control of movement in apraxia: Research evidence from self-corrections in apraxia of speech.
  • 2010:   Van der Merwe A. Neuroscience Day, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 26 May. A brain-behaviour model of speech sensorimotor control: Concepts, questions and research.
  • 2010:   Van der Merwe A & Kilian J.G. 46th Congress of the SA Society of Otorhinolarygology, Head and Neck surgery in Association with the SA Association of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists, Drakensberg, 24-27 October. Paradoxical vocal fold motion and asthma: Co-occurrence, nature of the disorder and treatment.
  • 2010:   Van der Merwe A. CPD course, University of Pretoria. 26 August. Learning and motor learning during speech, language, and voice intervention.
  • 2011:   Van der Merwe A. CPD presentation, University of Pretoria. 25 August. Application of the software of the SML Program (Van der Merwe, 2011).
  • 2012:   Van der Merwe A. Neuroscience Day, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 10 May. Motor awareness of speech production in normal adult speakers: What can be accessed consciously?
  • 2012:   Van der Merwe A., P Schulze-Hulbe. Outcomes of the SML Programme in the Treatment of Childhood and Acquired Apraxia of Speech. 48th Congress of the SA Society of Otorhinolarygology, Head and Neck surgery in Association with the SA Association of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists, Sun City. October.
  • 2012:   Van der Merwe A., Coetzee M, De Jager L, Mahwayi, Uys. W.  Signs of Motor Speech Disorders in Speakers of African Languages. 48th Congress of the SA Society of Otorhinolarygology, Head and Neck surgery in Association with the SA Association of Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists, Sun City. October.
  • 2014:   Steyn M., Van der Merwe, A., Kendall, D. Effects of the speech motor learning approach to treatment of childhood apraxia if speech. The 50th ENT/ SASLHA/ SAAA Congress.18–21 October. CTICC, Cape Town.
  • 2015:   Van der Merwe A. CPD day course. Apraxia of Speech: Theory-driven treatment with special reference to the Speech Motor Learning Approach. New Life Kensington Hospital. Johannesburg. 28 May.
  • 2015: Van der Merwe A. Short course. Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Diagnostic Features and Treatment. Donald Gordon Medical Centre, Johannesburg. 25 August.
  • 2016:   Van der Merwe A. Treatment of Apraxia of Speech: Evidence of the Positive effects of the Speech Motor Learning (SML) Approach. Speak Up Symposium: Current Trends in Evidence-based Clinical Research. University of Pretoria. 6-7 September.
  • 2016: Jones Gail, Van der Merwe A, Van der Linde J, Le Roux M: Effect of Voice Disorders on tone variation in Setswana Speakers. Speak Up Symposium: Current Trends in Evidence-based Clinical Research. University of Pretoria. 6-7 September. 
  • 2022: Van der Merwe, A. Assessment and treatment of apraxia of speech and other motor speech disorders: Why we need the guiding principles (and theory) of the Four-Level Model of speech sensorimotor control. National Virtual Presentation. Organized by the University of Pretoria, Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. May 14.


RESEARCH INTERESTS:

Speech sensorimotor control; Motor speech disorders; Apraxia of speech – acquired (AOS) and childhood (CAS); Treatment of apraxia of speech; Dysarthria; Voice disorders.

 

CONTACT DETAILS:

Email: [email protected] / [email protected] 
 

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