Publications

Journal Publications

30.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). RailEnV-PASMVS: A perfectly accurate, synthetic, path-traced dataset featuring a virtual railway environment for multi-view stereopsis training and reconstruction applications, Data in Brief, Volume 38, 107411, DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107411

29.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). A low-cost, mobile real-time kinematic geolocation service for engineering and research applications. HardwareX, Vol. 10. e00203. DOI:10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00203

28.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J., Wynand, W.J.vdM. Steyn. (2021). Real-time traffic quantization using a mini edge artificial intelligence platform. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 4. e100068. DOI:10.1016/j.treng.2021.100068

27.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). Measurement of probabilistic ballast particle dynamics using Kli-Pi. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 63:1, pp. 11-23. DOI:10.17159/2309-8775/2021/v63n1a2

26.    Mpye, G.D., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). The effect of increased axle loading on the behavior of heavily overconsolidated railway foundation materials. Journal of Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 27:4, e100493. DOI:10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100493

25.    Rivero, A., Vanheeghe, P., Gräbe, P.J. & Duflos, E. (2021). Rolling Stock Monitoring with WaysideTrain-Monitoring Systems Using Fiber Optic Cords. ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 2021, 27(4): 04021040. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000650.

24.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J & Heymann, G. (2021). Soil suction and temperature measurements in a heavy haul railway formation, Transportation Geotechnics, Volume 31 (2021) 100675, ISSN 2214-3912, DOI: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100675.

23.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J & Heymann, G. (2021). Polyethylene glycol and membrane processes applied to suction control in geotechnical osmotic testing, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, DOI: 10.1080/19386362.2021.1962109.

22.    Broekman, A., Van Niekerk, J.O., Gräbe, P.J. (2020). HRSBallast: A high-resolution dataset featuring scanned angular, semi-angular and rounded railway ballast. Data in Brief, Vol. 33, e106471. DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106471

21.  Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2020). PASMVS: A perfectly accurate, synthetic, path-traced dataset featuring specular material properties for multi-view stereopsis training and reconstruction applications. Data in Brief, Vol. 32, e106219. DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2020.106219

20.    Demmerez de Charmoy, C.P., Gräbe, P.J. (2020). Quantifying the economic benefits of gauge changes on the South African core railway network. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 62:3, pp. 23-35. DOI:10.17159/2309-8775/2020/v62n3a3

19.    Fourie, D.J., Gräbe, P.J., Heyns, P.S., Fröhling, R.D. (2019). Frequency domain model for railway wheel squeal resulting from unsteady longitudinal creepage. Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 445, pp. 228-246. DOI:10.1016/j.jsv.2018.12.014

18.    Jideani, T.C.U. & Gräbe, P.J. (2019). The development of suitable cyclic loading and boundary conditions for ballast box tests. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 61:4, pp. 59-72. DOI:10.17159/2309-8775/2019/v61n4a6

17.     Ruiz, H.A.M., Gräbe, P.J., Maina, J.W. (2019). A mechanistic-empirical method for the characterisation of railway track formation. Journal of Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 18, pp: 10-24. DOI:10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.10.003

16.    Schulz-Poblete, M.V., Gräbe, P.J., Jacobsz, S.W. (2019). The influence of soil suctions on the deformation characteristics of railway formation materials. Journal of Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 18, pp. 111-123. DOI:10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.11.006

15.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Stochastic modelling for the maintenance of life cycle cost of rails using Monte Carlo simulation.  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, Vol. 232:4, pp. 1240 - 1251. DOI:10.1177/0954409717714645

14.    Powell, A.F., Gräbe, P.J. (2017). Exploring the relationship between vertical and lateral forces, speed and superelevation in railway curves. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 59:3. pp. 25-35.

13.     Vorster, P., Gräbe, P.J., Jacobsz, S.W. (2017). Centrifuge modelling of railway embankments under static and cyclic loading.  Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 59:3, pp. 2-10. DOI: 10.17159/2309-8775/2017/v59n3a1

12.    Du Plooy, R.F., Gräbe, P.J. (2017). Characterisation of rigid polyurethane foam-reinforced ballast through cyclic loading box tests. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, June 2017, Vol. 59:2. pp. 2-10. DOI:10.17159/2309-8775/2017/v59n2a1

11.    Mvelase G.M., Gräbe, P.J., Anochie-Boateng, J.K. (2017). The use of laser technology to investigate the effect of railway ballast roundness on shear strength. Transportation Geotechnics, Vol. 11, pp. 97 - 106.   DOI:10.1016/j.trgeo.2017.05.003

10.    Gräbe, P.J., Mtshotana, B.F., Sebati, M.M., Thünemann, E.Q. (2016).  The effects of under-sleeper pads on sleeper-ballast interaction.  Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineers, Vol. 58:2, pp. 35 - 41.

9.     Gräbe, P.J., Jacobs, D. (2016). The effects of fastening strength on the variation in stress-free temperature in continuous welded rail. Proc. IMechE, Part F: J. Rail and Rapid Transit, Vol. 230(3), pp. 840-851. DOI 10.1177/0954409715570715.

8.    Fourie, D.J., Gräbe, P.J., Heyns, S., Fröhling (2016). Experimental characterisation of railway wheel squeal occurring in large-radius curves. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, Vol 230:6, pp. 1561-1574.  DOI:10.1177/0954409715605142

7.    Otter, L., Clayton, C.R.I., Priest, J.A., Gräbe, P.J. (2016). The stiffness of unsaturated railway formations. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, Vol. 230:4, pp. 1040 - 1052. DOI:10.1177/0954409715587732

6.    Gräbe , P.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2014). Effects of principal stress rotation on resilient behaviour in rail track foundations. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 140:2, February 2014, pp. 04013010-1 - 04013010-10. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001023

5.    Vorster D.J, Gräbe, P.J. (2013). The use of Ground Penetrating Radar to Develop a Track Substructure Characterization Model. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 3, October 2013, 69 – 78.

4.    Van der Westhuizen, N.J., Gräbe, P.J. (2013). The integration of railway asset management information to ensure maintenance effectiveness. Journal of the South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 3, October 2013, 18 – 29.

3.    Gräbe, P.J., Shaw, F.J. (2010). Design life prediction of a heavy haul track foundation. Proc. IMechE, Part F: J. Rail and Rapid Transit, 224 (F5), 337-344. DOI:10.1243/09544097JRRT371

2.    Priest, J.A., Powrie, W., Yang, L., Gräbe, P.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2010). Measurements of transient ground movements below a ballasted railway line. Géotechnique 60, No. 9, 667 – 677.

1.    Gräbe , P.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2009). Effects of principal stress rotation on permanent deformation in rail track foundations. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 135:4, April 2009, pp. 555-565. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:4(555)

 

Conference Papers

36.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). Development of virtual environments for deep learning railway applications. Proceedings of the Southern African Heavy Haul Association, 2021, Johannesburg, South Africa.

35.    Gräbe, PJ. (2021). Infrastructure requirements for the digital Railway. Proceedings of the Southern African Heavy Haul Association, 2021, Johannesburg, South Africa.

34.    Mpye, G.D., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). Advanced triaxial testing for resilient and permanent deformation behaviour of railway foundation materials subjected to increased axle loading. Proceedings of the Southern African Heavy Haul Association, 2021, Johannesburg, South Africa.

33.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J., Heymann, G. (2021). Long-term in-situ measurement of soil suction in railway track formation layers. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics, 24 – 27 May 2021, Virtual, USA.

32.    Gräbe, P.J., Mpye, G.D., Vandoorne, R. (2020). Railway Roadbed Characterisation and Performance Monitoring. Proceedings of the AREMA Railway Roadbed & Ballast Symposium, 10-12 February 2020, Kansas City, USA, pp. 238-254. 

31.    Demmerez De Charmoy, C.P., Gräbe, P.J. (2019). Quantifying the economic benefits of changing the Gauteng to Durban railway corridor from narrow to standard gauge. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Southern African Transport Conference, 8-11 July 2019, Pretoria, South Africa, pp. 1-10.

30.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2019). Analysis, interpretation and testing of mesoscale ballast dynamics using Kli-Pi. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, Specialist Technical Session, June 2019, Narvik, Norway, pp. 151-157.

29.    Gräbe, P.J. (2019). Improving rail safety through occurrence investigation skills training. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, Specialist Technical Session, June 2019, Narvik, Norway, pp. 918-924. 

28.    Fourie D.J., Gräbe P.J., Heyns P.S., Fröhling R.D. (2018). Analysis of Railway Wheel-Squeal Due to Unsteady Longitudinal Creepage Using the Complex Eigenvalue Method. In: Anderson D. et al. (eds) Noise and Vibration Mitigation for Rail Transportation Systems. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Vol. 139. pp. 57– 69. Springer, Cham. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-73411-8_3

27.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Uncertainty and Risk Quantification in Railway Maintenance Modelling. Proceedings of the 5^th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure (CETRA 2018), May 2018, Zadar, Croatia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5592/CO/CETRA.2018.704. 

26.    Rampersad, A. George, T.B., Mokoena, R., Mgangira M.B., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). The Influence of Ballast Fouling on Track Settlement. 37th Annual Southern African Transport Conference (SATC 2018), pp. 508-520.

25.    Myoya, R.L., Gräbe, P.J., Venter, C.J. (2018). A Case Study on Platform-Train Interface Occurences at a Metrorail Passenger Station.  37th Annual South African Transportation Conference (SATC 2018), pp. 484 - 495.

24.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Development and Calibration of a Wireless, Inertial Measurement Unit (Kli-Pi) for Railway and Transportation Applications.  37th Annual South African Transportation Conference (SATC 2018), pp. 521 - 531.

23.    Vandoorne, R., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Uncertainty and Risk Quantification in Railway Maintenance Modelling. Fifth International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure.

22.    Vorster, P., Gräbe, P.J. and Jacobsz, S.W. (2017). The effect of climate change on the stability and settlement of railway embankments. Proceedings of the 11^th International Heavy Haul Association Conference (IHHA2017), September 2017, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 519-526.

21.    Hewson, D.J., Gräbe, P.J. and Shaw, F.J. (2017). Track structure design: Breaking the narrow gauge 30 ton barrier. Proceedings of the 11^th International Heavy Haul Association Conference (IHHA2017), September 2017, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 460-467.

20.    Vandoorne, R., Mpye, G.D., Gräbe, P.J. (2017). Permanent and resilient deformation behaviour of heavy haul formation materials subjected to environmental changes.  Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Conference 2017, Cape Town, South Africa.

19.    Fourie,  D.J., Gräbe, P.J., Heyns, S., Fröhling, R., Spangenberg, U. (2017). New insights into curve squeal mitigation measures. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Conference 2017, Cape Town, South Africa.

18.    Du Plooy, R., Gräbe, P.J. (2017). Laboratory characterisation of rigid polyurethane foam reinforced ballast. Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Athens, Greece. DOI:10.1201/9781315100333-263

17.    Visser, D.; v B. Strasheim, J.A. and Gräbe, P.J. (2016). Analysis of the transition between Tubular Modular Track and ballasted rail. Proceedings of the 6^th International conference on structural engineering, mechanics and computation, 5 – 7 September 2016, Cape Town, SA.

16.    Fourie, D.J. Gräbe, P.J. Heyns, P.S. & Fröhling, R.D. (2016). Analysis of railway wheel squeal due to unsteady longitudinal creepage using the complex eigenvalue method. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Railway Noise, Terrigal, Australia, 12-16 September: 36-45.  Toowong: Australian Acoustical Society.

15.   Gräbe, P.J. Jacobs, D. Bester, J.F., Meyer, J. (2015). Determining the neutral temperature of continuous welded rail – new insights and observations. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, June 2015, Perth, Australia, pp. 571-579.

14.   Gräbe, P.J., Mtshotana, B.F.,  De Jong, M.J. (2014). The Management of Track Settlement to achieve Improved Track Geometry. Proceedings of the First South African Heavy Haul Conference, September 2014, Ekurhuleni, South Africa. 

13.   Vorster, D.J., Gräbe, P.J. (2013). The effect of axle load on track and foundation resilient deformation under heavy haul conditions. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, February 2013, New Delhi, India, pp. 249-255. 

12.   Gräbe, P.J., West, C.N. (2013). Track Construction for Geometric Stability and Improved Performance. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, February 2013, New Delhi, India, pp. 243-248.

11.   Van Vreden, P.H.; Gräbe, P.J., Hartman, A.M. (2012). Characterising railway substructure layers for rehabilitation design. Proceedings of the 31^st Annual Southern African Transport Conference, July 2012, Pretoria, SA.

10.   Mvelase, .GM.; Anochie-Boateng, J.K., Gräbe, P.J. (2012). Application of laser based technology to quantify shape properties of railway ballast. Proceedings of the 31^st Annual Southern African Transport Conference, July 2012, Pretoria, SA.

9.    Gräbe, P.J., Vorster, D.J., Shaw, F.J., Van Haute, S.C.A. (2011). The use of ballastless track systems for railroading in desert conditions. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Technical session, June 2011, Calgary, Canada, pp. 1-8.

8.    Gräbe, P.J., Shaw, F.J. (2009). Design Life Prediction of a Heavy Haul Track Formation. Proceedings of the 9th International Heavy Haul Conference, June 2009, Shanghai, China, pp. 22-29.

7.    Gräbe, P.J., Freyer, R.V., Furno, R.F. (2007). An Intelligent Condition Monitoring System for the Management of Continuously Welded Rails. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association Conference, June 2007, Kiruna, Sweden, pp. 579-586.

6.    Gräbe, P.J., Shaw, F.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2005). Deformation Measurement on a Heavy Haul Track Formation. Proceedings of the 8th International Heavy Haul Conference, June 2005, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 287-295.

5.    Gräbe , P.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2003). Permanent Deformation of Railway Foundations under Heavy Axle Loading. Proceedings of the International Heavy Haul Association, Specialist Technical Session, May 2003, Dallas, Texas, USA, pp. 3.25-3.32.

4.    Gräbe , P.J., Oberholster, R.E. (2000). Programme for the Treatment and Replacement of ASR Affected Concrete Sleepers in the Sishen-Saldanha Railway Line. Proceedings of  the 11th International Conference on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, June 2000, Québec City, Canada, pp. 1059-1068.

3.    Gräbe , P.J. (1999). Formation Failure, Investigation and Repair in a Heavy Haul Environment. Proceedings of the UIC “Track Technology” Interaction conference, December 1999,Beijing, China, pp. 183-198.

2.    Gräbe , P.J. (1998). The use of the Pencel Pressuremeter for the Assessment of Track Substructure problems. Proceedings of the AREMA Conference on Ballast and Subgrade, July 1998, Detroit, Michigan, USA, pp. 3.1–3.35.

1.    Gräbe , P.J., Maree, J.S. (1997) The use of a Dynamic Track Stabiliser to Improve Track Maintenance and the Optimisation of Track Tamping. Proceedings of the 6th International Heavy Haul Association Conference, April 1997, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 945-957. 

 

Articles in Technical Magazines

19.    Gräbe, P.J., Mpye, G.D., Vandoorne, R., Broekman, A., Pienaar, D., Hawley, D., Van Schalkwyk, H. (2021). Advancing the digital railway with 4IR technologies. Civil Engineering, May Edition. pp. 30-35.

18.    Gaspar, T., Vandoorne, R., Jacobsz, S.W., Heymann, G., Gräbe, P.J. (2021). Application of unsaturated soil mechanics - two years on. Civil Engineering, April Edition, pp. 18-21.

17.    Broekman, A., Gräbe, P.J. (2020). Keeping research on track: Application of machine learning and virtual reality. Civil Engineering, July Edition. pp. 40-43. 

16.    Gräbe, P.J., Oosthuizen, E. (2018). Particle image velocimetry for strain measurement on a railway line. Civil Engineering, May Edition. pp. 33-35.

15.    Van Jaarsveldt, S., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Parametric optimisation of railway track structures. Civil Engineering, May Edition. pp. 18-21.

14.    Wagner, H., Gräbe, P.J. (2018). Slab track test section for University of Pretoria railway research facility. Civil Engineering, May Edition. pp. 36-38.

13.    Vorster, D.J., Gräbe, P.J. (2013). A new test track at the University of Pretoria. Civil Engineering May 2013, Vol. 21, No. 4, 35 - 39. 

12.    Mostert, M.L., Gräbe, P.J. (2013). The development of a simplified track modulus calculation procedure. Civil Engineering May 2013, Vol. 21, No. 4, 22 - 28. 

11.    Van der Westhuizen, N.J., Powell, A.L., Gräbe, P.J. (2013). Gautrain state of good repair: Three years after the first trains were commissioned. Civil Engineering May 2013, Vol. 21, No. 4, 13 - 17. 

10.    Lubout, N., Gräbe, P.J. (2012). Performance of resilient rail pads used in Tubular Modular Track. Civil Engineering May 2012, Vol. 20, No. 4, 20 - 22.

9.    Van Schoor, B., Gräbe, P.J. (2012). An inside look at the stresses due to lateral forces in Tubular Modular Track. Civil Engineering May 2012, Vol. 20, No. 4, 15 - 18. 

8.    Gräbe, P.J. (2010). Rail research at the University of Pretoria. Innovate: Issue 05 2010, University of Pretoria, Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology, 90 – 92. 

7.    Steyn, WJvdM, Venter, C., Gräbe, P.J. (2010). Transportation Research and Education. Civil Engineering September 2010, Vol. 18, No. 8, 58 – 61. 

6.    Vorster, D.J., Gräbe, P.J. (2010). Axle load and track deflection on a heavy haul line. Civil Engineering May 2010, Vol. 18, No. 4, 44 – 49. 

5.    Gräbe, P.J. (2009). Track Deflection Measurement using Particle Image Velocimetry. Civil Engineering, May 2009, Vol. 17, No. 4. 

4.    Gräbe, P.J., R.V., Furno, R.F. (2008). WILMA – Managing continuously welded rails the elegant way. Civil Engineering, May 2008, Vol. 16, No. 5. 

3.    Gräbe , P.J. (2007). Life after 30! - Innovative investigation and repair of the Overvaal railway tunnel. Civil Engineering, May 2007, Vol. 15, No. 5, South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 13-18. 

2.    Gräbe , P.J., Clayton, C.R.I. (2005). Designing Railway Formations for the Future. Civil Engineering, May 2005, Vol. 13, No. 5, South African Institution of Civil Engineering, Midrand, South Africa, pp. 16-19. 

1.    Gräbe , P.J, Maree, J.S. (1997) The use of a Dynamic Track Stabiliser to Improve Track Maintenance and the Optimisation of Track Tamping.  RTR (Railway Technical Review), Edition 47, December 1997, pp. 27-32. 

 

Academic Publications

2.    Gräbe , P.J. (2002). Resilient and Permanent Deformation of Railway Foundations under Principal Stress Rotation. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Southampton, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southampton, UK. 

1.    Gräbe , P.J. (1997). The Use of the Pencel Pressuremeter for the Investigation of Railway Formations. M.Eng. Thesis, University of Pretoria, Department of Civil Engineering, Pretoria, SA.